Design of an IoT‐Based Smart Fish Feeder for Aquaculture in Gusau LGA, Zamfara State
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Background of the study:
Aquaculture is a growing sector that contributes significantly to food security and economic development in regions like Gusau LGA, Zamfara State. Efficient feeding practices are critical in aquaculture to ensure optimal fish growth and health. Traditional manual feeding methods are labor‐intensive, inconsistent, and often result in overfeeding or underfeeding, leading to wastage of feed and suboptimal fish growth. An IoT‐based smart fish feeder offers an innovative solution by automating the feeding process through sensors, timers, and data analytics. This system is designed to monitor water quality, fish behavior, and growth rates, and to dispense feed in precise quantities at optimal times (Ibrahim, 2023). By integrating with cloud‐based platforms, the smart fish feeder can adjust feeding schedules based on real‐time environmental data and historical feeding patterns (Adeniyi, 2024). Such automation ensures that fish receive the appropriate amount of nutrition, reducing waste and promoting healthier growth. Additionally, the system can provide alerts and usage reports to aquaculture managers, enabling them to optimize feed stock and operational costs. The real‐time feedback mechanism also allows for adjustments to be made in response to sudden changes in water temperature or fish activity, thereby ensuring a stable and efficient feeding process (Udo, 2025). This technology-driven approach not only improves productivity in fish farms but also supports sustainable aquaculture practices by minimizing environmental impact and resource wastage.
Statement of the problem:
In Gusau LGA, traditional fish feeding practices in aquaculture operations are fraught with inefficiencies due to manual intervention and inconsistent feeding schedules. These outdated methods often lead to overfeeding or underfeeding, resulting in wasted feed, increased operational costs, and suboptimal fish growth (Ibrahim, 2023). The lack of real‐time monitoring and control means that feeding schedules do not adapt to variations in water conditions, fish behavior, or growth rates, thereby affecting the overall productivity and health of the fish stock. Inadequate automation also hampers the ability of aquaculture managers to collect and analyze data for making informed decisions, leading to inefficiencies in feed management and stock maintenance (Adeniyi, 2024). Financial constraints and limited technical expertise further restrict the adoption of modern feeding systems, leaving many fish farms with significant operational challenges. Without an automated, IoT‐based smart fish feeder, farms continue to experience losses due to feed wastage and inconsistent growth patterns, undermining profitability and sustainability. Addressing these issues through a smart, responsive system is therefore essential to optimize feeding practices and enhance aquaculture productivity (Udo, 2025).
Objectives of the study:
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To design an IoT‐based smart fish feeder that automates and optimizes the feeding process.
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To evaluate the system’s effectiveness in reducing feed wastage and improving fish growth.
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To recommend strategies for integrating the smart feeder with existing aquaculture management practices.
Research questions:
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How effective is the IoT‐based fish feeder in dispensing the correct amount of feed in real time?
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What improvements in fish growth and feed efficiency are observed after system implementation?
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How can the system be integrated with current aquaculture practices to optimize feeding management?
Significance of the study:
This study is significant because it introduces a technology‐driven solution to optimize fish feeding in aquaculture. By automating feeding processes and providing real‐time data, the IoT‐based smart fish feeder can improve fish health, reduce feed wastage, and enhance overall productivity. The findings will benefit aquaculture practitioners by reducing operational costs and supporting sustainable farming practices.
Scope and limitations of the study:
This study is limited to the design and evaluation of an IoT‐based smart fish feeder for aquaculture in Gusau LGA, Zamfara State. It does not extend to other aquaculture systems or regions.
Definitions of terms:
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IoT (Internet of Things): A network of devices that share real‐time data.
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Smart Fish Feeder: An automated device that dispenses feed based on real‐time data from sensors.
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Aquaculture: The controlled cultivation of aquatic organisms for food and other products.
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